Valproic acid (also sold as divalproex or sodium valproate) is a widely used anticonvulsant and mood stabilizer. Doctors prescribe it for epilepsy, bipolar mania, and sometimes to prevent migraine. If you or someone you care for is starting valproate, this page explains the basics—how it’s used, common doses, side effects to watch for, and simple safety steps you can take.
Valproic acid increases levels of GABA, a brain chemical that calms excessive nerve activity. That reduces seizures and stabilizes mood swings. Typical uses include generalized and focal seizures, acute manic episodes in bipolar disorder, and off-label migraine prevention. You might hear brand names or see it listed as divalproex sodium on prescriptions.
Dosage varies by age, weight, and condition. Adults often start around 10–15 mg/kg per day and may increase to 30–60 mg/kg per day under medical supervision. For bipolar mania, daily doses commonly range from 750 mg to 2000 mg depending on response. Target blood levels are usually in the 50–100 µg/mL range, but your doctor will pick a target based on the problem being treated.
Before starting, doctors typically order baseline liver tests and a complete blood count. Repeat testing happens during the first six months and whenever symptoms suggest trouble. If you notice new belly pain, yellowing skin, unusual tiredness, or easy bruising, contact your provider right away—those can be signs of liver trouble or low platelets.
Other side effects include weight gain, drowsiness, tremor, hair thinning, nausea, and digestive upset. Rare but serious issues include pancreatitis and elevated ammonia levels, which can cause confusion or vomiting. If those appear, seek medical help.
Valproate interacts with many drugs. It can boost levels of some medications and be affected by others. Notable interactions include other anticonvulsants and certain antidepressants. Topiramate plus valproate raises the risk of elevated ammonia. Always tell your prescriber about all medicines and supplements you use.
One of the biggest safety points: valproic acid is linked to a significantly higher risk of birth defects, especially neural tube defects and developmental problems. Women of childbearing age should discuss alternatives and effective contraception with their doctor. If pregnancy is possible, avoid switching or stopping medication without medical guidance.
Storage is simple—keep at room temperature, away from moisture and heat. Never stop valproate suddenly; seizure risk can rise. If you plan to stop, your doctor will give a taper schedule.
Have questions about interactions, dosing, or side effects? Ask your pharmacist or clinician. They can tailor advice to your health history and make sure valproic acid is used safely for your situation.
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